The wild cherry tree, scientifically known as Prunus avium, is a beautiful and vital part of many ecosystems. But knowing it from its cultivated cousins can be tricky. This guide will help you identify a wild cherry tree based on its key characteristics, from its bark and leaves to its flowers and fruit.
Identifying Features of a Wild Cherry Tree
Several features distinguish wild cherry trees from other similar species. Let's explore these characteristics in detail:
Bark
- Young Trees: The bark of young wild cherry trees is smooth and reddish-brown, often with noticeable horizontal lenticels (small pores).
- Mature Trees: As the tree matures, the bark develops characteristic horizontal fissures and becomes darker, almost black in some cases. The bark peels off in thin, flaky pieces, creating a distinctive, somewhat shaggy appearance. This peeling bark is a key identifier, differentiating it from other cherry species.
Leaves
- Shape and Size: Wild cherry leaves are oval to ovate, typically 6-12 cm long, with pointed tips and serrated edges. They are alternately arranged along the branches.
- Texture and Color: The leaves are slightly leathery in texture and a glossy, deep green on top. The underside of the leaves is slightly paler and often appears somewhat lighter green or even yellowish-green.
- Autumn Color: In autumn, the leaves turn a vibrant yellow to reddish-brown, providing a spectacular display of color.
Flowers
- Appearance: Wild cherry trees boast beautiful, white, five-petaled flowers, borne in clusters called racemes. These racemes typically have 2-6 flowers. The flowers have a delicate, slightly sweet fragrance.
- Flowering Season: They bloom in late spring, usually after the leaves have emerged. The abundant blossoms contribute significantly to the tree's aesthetic appeal.
Fruit
- Type and Appearance: Wild cherry trees produce small, round, dark red to almost black fruits, known as cherries. They are smaller and usually more tart than commercially grown sweet cherries.
- Ripening Season: The cherries ripen in late summer, providing a valuable food source for wildlife. The fruits contain a single hard stone (pit) inside.
Branches and Growth Habit
- Branch Structure: Wild cherry trees typically have a strong central leader with upright, spreading branches. The branches are relatively slender and fairly smooth when young.
- Overall Shape: The overall shape of a mature wild cherry tree is often described as rounded or dome-shaped. They can grow to a considerable height, reaching up to 20-30 meters (66-98 feet) tall under ideal conditions.
Where to Find Wild Cherry Trees
Wild cherry trees thrive in a variety of habitats, but they are particularly common in:
- Woodland edges: They often grow at the edge of woodlands and forests, benefiting from sunlight and some shelter.
- Hedgerows: They can be found growing in hedgerows, adding beauty to the rural landscape.
- Open woodlands: They can also be found in open woodlands where sunlight penetration is sufficient.
Remember, always respect the environment and avoid damaging trees or disturbing their habitats.
Distinguishing Wild Cherry from Other Species
It is crucial to distinguish the wild cherry from other similar-looking trees. Several species share some characteristics, including some cultivated cherry varieties and other Prunus species. Careful observation of the bark, leaves, and fruit, along with the tree's overall growth habit and location, will help you correctly identify a wild cherry tree. Consulting field guides specific to your region will also prove invaluable.
This comprehensive guide should help you confidently identify a wild cherry tree. However, always cross-reference your observations with reputable field guides and botanical resources for accurate identification. Remember, responsible observation and respect for nature are key!
